Sustainable Development Goal 11 (SDG 11) is one of the 17 goals established by the United Nations in 2015 as part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. SDG 11 aims to make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable. The goal addresses the challenges of urbanization, including rapid population growth, inadequate housing, lack of basic services, and environmental degradation. SDG 11 emphasizes the importance of creating cities and communities that are livable, environmentally friendly, socially inclusive, and economically productive.
KEY ASPECTS OF SDG 11
Inclusive and Sustainable Urbanization: SDG 11 promotes inclusive urbanization by ensuring access to basic services, affordable housing, transportation, and green spaces for all residents. It focuses on upgrading informal settlements and slums, making cities more accessible and inclusive for people with disabilities, and providing safe and affordable housing for everyone.
Environmental Sustainability: The goal emphasizes the importance of sustainable urban planning and management to reduce the environmental impact of cities. This includes measures to improve air and water quality, manage waste, promote energy efficiency, and protect natural and cultural heritage.
Resilience to Disasters: SDG 11 emphasizes the need for cities and communities to be resilient to natural and human-made disasters. This involves implementing measures to reduce the vulnerability of communities to disasters, ensuring early warning systems, and enhancing preparedness and response mechanisms.
Safe and Inclusive Public Spaces: The goal focuses on creating safe, inclusive, and accessible public spaces where people can interact, engage in cultural and recreational activities, and build social connections. Well-designed public spaces contribute to social cohesion and community well-being.
Cultural and Natural Heritage: SDG 11 recognizes the importance of preserving cultural and natural heritage in cities and human settlements. Protecting historical sites, traditional crafts, and cultural diversity contributes to the identity and character of cities while promoting tourism and economic development.
Sustainable Transport: The goal promotes the development of sustainable and efficient public transportation systems, cycling infrastructure, and pedestrian-friendly pathways. Sustainable transport reduces air pollution, traffic congestion, and greenhouse gas emissions.
IMPORTANCE OF SDG 11
SDG 11 is critical because more than half of the world’s population lives in urban areas, and this number is expected to increase in the coming decades. Sustainable and well-planned cities can improve the quality of life for billions of people by providing access to essential services, reducing poverty, and promoting economic opportunities. Additionally, sustainable cities play a significant role in combating climate change by reducing emissions and promoting sustainable practices. Achieving SDG 11 is essential for creating a more equitable, healthy, and environmentally friendly future for urban and rural population
PROMINENT RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS ADDRESSING SDG 11
The prominent research publications addressing SDG 11 are as listed below:
Analysis of Contamination of Soil by Sensor Monitoring Systems: A Green Technology
DOI –: http://doi.org/10.53550/EEC.2023.v29i02.041
The soil is a significant element of the landscape because it affects the crops, distribution of natural vegetation and human settlements across the landscape. Soil contains organic matter, liquids, gases as well as numerous microbes. Soil quality monitoring plays the most important role in sustainable crop production. Monitoring of soil using traditional methods requires many tests to be conducted in order to predict the soil quality. Soil testing entails the analysis of a soil sample from a specific land that includes estimation of pH, electrical conductivity for moisture content, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (NPK) level, temperature, etc. There are many challenges for direct monitoring of soil quality in terms of its chemical, biological and physical characteristics. However, with the advancement in sensor technology, certain sensors for soil quality monitoring have been developed and commercially available too. In this paper, the design and development of available sensor monitoring system for remote monitoring quality of soil has been reviewed. The objective is to explore the different kinds of sensors systems that can be used for predicting soil quality. Internet of Things (IoT) based sensors are efficient, and provide quick results with lesser resources.
Bio remedial Process: A Review on Removal of Fluoride from the Waste Water
DOI- : http://doi.org/10.53550/EEC.2023.v29i03s.073
Ground water has always been an important and most dependable source of water since prehistoric ages, but with rapid industrialization to meet the needs of growing population has stressed the ground water reservoir. Stress to ground water reservoir is just one problem; industrial waste has also introduced lots of new chemical substances in water bodies. Fluorides are one such pollutant that undermines living life forms especially human beings .There are primarily two sources of fluoride contamination in ground water. Geogenic sources and anthropogenic sources. Talking about the status of fluoride contamination it can be seen in more than 25 countries worldwide. In India itself 19 states and at least 132 districts have witnessed the problem of water contamination, Fluoride contamination is also impacting the health of people adversely. Diseases like skeletal fluorosis, non –skeletal fluorosis, and dental fluorosis are the most common health problem from fluoride contamination .Due to fluoride contamination diseases in plants like Chlorosis, Necrosis is impacting plant body. Thus, to remove fluorine contamination from water we can use bioremediation process. Bioremediation strategies can be classified mainly in two categories in – situ techniques and ex –situ techniques. Its mode of action primarily includes use of microbes in processing the fluoride contamination. This shows that bioremediation has lots of advantages like it’s a natural process, cost effective etc. But it too have some disadvantages like they are highly specific and it takes longer time etc. Considering all the merits and demerits of bioremediation, it is the most effective technological tool that holds great value for the future as scientists learn more about its capabilities and the curiosity to find more appropriate methods are still going on. This review article deals with ground water pollution due to fluoride concentration. We have thoroughly reviewed on its impact on health of plants and animals and the bioremediation processes to cure the water contamination.
Exploring the Effectiveness of Various Waste Materials in Enhancing Pervious Concrete Performance: A Comprehensive Review
Pervious concrete is a special concrete and has gained popularity due to its pioneering method to control, manage, and handle storm water runoff is widely used in many applications such as parking lots, pavements, and green roofs, due to its ability to mitigate the urban heat island effect and reduce stormwater runoff. It is a family of different materials such as cement, coarse & fine aggregate and admixtures. Since use of cement and natural aggregates for production of concrete are considered having negative environmental and cost effects, hence to control these different researchers are working on the utilization of waste materials as their replacement. This paper gives a detailed review about the previous finding of use of wastes such as flyash, ground granulated blast steel slag (GGBSS), rice husk, bottom ash, red mud, recycled aggregates, crump rubber etc. as a replacement in production and change in the properties of pervious concrete. It also leads towards use of pervious concrete in construction industry for building environment friendly, cost effective, self- cleansing and durable structures.
Plastic Pollution and its Impact on Environment
DOI- http://doi.org/10.53550/EEC.2023.v29i03s.014
Beginning around 1950 to 2021, about 6.3 billion tons of plastics have been delivered around the world, out of which only 9% is reused, individually. Human population increment is eventually related to the increasing use of plastic. Plastic items are answerable for consistent expansion in the development of plastic. We have surveyed in this paper, the most important written works on the various sorts of plastics underway, the negative impacts of these constituents to air, water, soil, organic entities and human wellbeing viz-a-viz the different removal technique. Papers that revealed ecological and general wellbeing impacts of plastic looked in to assortments of plastic utilized in the creation of numerous consumable items including clinical gadgets, food bundling and water bottles containing harmful synthetic substances like phthalates, weighty metals, and Nonyl phenol. Yearly 8 million tons of plastic is delivered into the sea, prompting corruption of marine living space which at last influences amphibian life forms and creates health hazards. The increased usage of plastic and plastic items when exposed to high temperatures leads to the release of toxins into food items and water.
Removal of Organic and Inorganic Contaminants from Water by Chemical and Biological Techniques – A Review
DOI – : http://doi.org/10.53550/EEC.2023.v29i02.040
Water is an essential component for survival of living beings globally. Water is being polluted day by day by anthropogenic sources. Rapid industrialization and urbanization play key roles for polluting the water. A lot of soluble and insoluble materials act as contaminants or pollutants for making water not usable. Inorganic materials such as heavy metals, ions and organic materials such as phenol and phenolic compounds are heavily released by the industry in the water. WHO and EPA recommended some values for these contaminants in water. Above the value of these contaminants from the recommended values may cause harmful effects for human beings as well as other living organisms. The aim of this study is to identify the sources of various types of inorganic and organic contaminants and their removal techniques from the water.
Revisiting the modern approach to manage agricultural solid waste: an innovative solution
DOI – https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-023-03309-7
Agricultural solid waste (ASW) is a serious concern globally, specifically in agricultural countries like India, China, Japan, Indonesia, Malaysia, etc. A lot of agricultural waste like the remain of crop plants, peels, leaves, corn cob, decayed crops, etc., is produced directly or indirectly every year affecting the environment and is not appropriately managed. Therefore, to overcome this problem, there is a need to develop waste redemption techniques to transform solid waste into value-added products. The wastes are generally rich in carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and many other organic and inorganic constituents. This composition allows us to produce numerous value-added products like livestock feed, bio-preservatives, biofuels, biofertilizers, single-cell proteins, nanoparticles, biodegradable plastic, chitosan, collagen, and antibodies. Additionally, various start-ups leading to new beneficial products from agricultural solid waste should be promoted. This review intends to explore the sources of agricultural solid waste generation and to provide a solution to manage the waste through modern technologies, saving the environment and boosting a country’s economy. The outcome of our study will lead toward a sustainable approach to waste management as we have comprises the most innovative and successful working models in one place. This newly developed technique will help to achieve the greater goal of sustainable development.
Journal of Fundamental & Comparative Research:Role of TV Channels in Empowering Rural India
According to this study, rural development of India is directly related to the usage of TV channels in the country.Almost every component of rural development in India has been influenced by climate change, which is as diverse as the country itself. this article In addition to social networking sites and microblogs, other media networks, such as news channels and non-profits TV channel expands the notion of network to include organizations. contemporary art and There has been much discussion on the difference between the older forms of Mimi. To collect data from different experts in different fields For this an interview-based approach is used. Various success stories collected But the analysis was done. The objective of this study is to examine the ways in which The impact of TV channels has also been examined, as well as the ways in which the media has been reduced. This According to the study’s findings, if India is to achieve its Vision 2020 goals, the country’s rural areas TV channels networks should intensify their efforts, because India cannot shine without the help of its villages.
Synthesis and characterization of polyamine-based polyelectrolytes for wastewater treatment in the sugar industry
DOI – https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134573
The treatment of sugar industrial effluent is an enormous task because of the very high load of turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS), high or low pH value and oil & grease. The polyelectrolyte in conjunction with inorganic coagulant was used successfully for its treatment. Four new polyamine-based cationic polyelectrolytes have been synthesized. These polyelectrolytes were characterized by FTIR, 13C NMR, 1H NMR, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and were exploited in the sugar industry wastewater. Cationicity of polyelectrolytes was also determined, and the polyelectrolytes’ efficiency was calculated at different coagulants and flocculants dosages. Based on the result obtained by four polyelectrolytes, it was observed that polyelectrolytes with a 1.5:1 molar ratio of epichlorohydrin: diphenylamine has given the best result in the removal of pollutants from sugar industry wastewater. The result was found to be consistent in all kinds of pollutants of sugar industry suspension with a 1.5:1 molar ratio of epichlohydrin: diphenylamine polyelectrolytes.
